Marketing & Sales

Guides on marketing, advertising, sales management, distribution and retail, with Indian examples.

Researcher surveying shoppers beside a magnifying glass over charts
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Market research helps a business make decisions with evidence. Its main objectives are to spot market opportunities, understand

Entrepreneur interviewing customers at a pop-up stall with a tablet of charts
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Market research lets an entrepreneur test an idea before spending heavily on it. It shows whether real demand

Marketer looking at shifting customer personas through a foggy window, illustrating audience research challenges
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Businesses struggle to understand their audience because data is either missing or overwhelming, demographics, culture and behaviour keep

Marketer aiming at a bullseye formed by a highlighted customer group
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: A clear target market lets a business focus its money and message on the people most likely to

Marketer sorting a diverse crowd of customers into groups on a board
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Demographics such as age, gender, income, education, occupation, family size, location, language and culture tell marketers who their

Chain of people whispering a message that turns negative by the end
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Word-of-mouth marketing is cheap and trusted, but it is hard to control and plan. The message can change

Friends at a café passing on a product recommendation that spreads to others
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Word-of-mouth marketing works because people trust recommendations from friends and family far more than ads: Nielsen’s Global Trust

Product manager at a roadmap board with personas and a target
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: An effective product strategy sets a clear vision, defines target customers through research and segmentation, studies competitors, positions

Product manager arranging products on a growth matrix board
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Product strategy decides what you sell, to whom and how it grows. The main types are Ansoff’s four

Logistics control room tracking routes from supplier to customer, illustrating logistics management
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Good logistics management starts with the customer and treats the supply chain as one integrated system. Its principles