Marketing & Sales

Guides on marketing, advertising, sales management, distribution and retail, with Indian examples.

Marketer linking rural producers to city buyers, illustrating marketing in a developing economy
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: In a developing economy, marketing turns production into sales, creates jobs, raises living standards, opens rural markets, expands

Product moving from design to warehouse, truck, pricing and a happy customer
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: The main functions of marketing are product planning, creating demand, buying and assembling, selling, standardisation and grading, storage,

Marketing team around a circular map of products, pricing and promotion, illustrating nature and scope of marketing
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Marketing has grown from simply moving goods from producer to consumer into a customer-focused management process. Its nature

Marketer at the centre of product, price, place and promotion icons, illustrating features of marketing
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Marketing is the business process of finding out what customers need and satisfying them profitably. Its key features

Three giant firms dominating a market across a chessboard, illustrating an oligopoly
Managerial Economics, Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: An oligopoly has a few large sellers, strong interdependence, high entry barriers, homogeneous or differentiated products, price rigidity

Street of differently styled cafes competing for customers, illustrating monopolistic competition
Managerial Economics, Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Monopolistic competition is a market with many sellers offering similar but differentiated products, such as restaurants, clothing brands

Company island linked to government, society, nature and market islands, illustrating the business environment
Entrepreneurship, Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: The business environment is made up of internal and external factors that are interdependent and constantly changing. It

National ledger with current, capital and reserve columns, illustrating balance of payments format
Managerial Economics, Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: The balance of payments records all economic transactions between a country’s residents and the rest of the world.

City split between public and private sectors joined by a bridge, illustrating a mixed economy
Managerial Economics, Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: A mixed economy combines private enterprise and market prices with state ownership, planning and welfare. Advantages: economic freedom