Top 5 Types of Distribution Channels in Marketing (Explained)
Direct, indirect, mixed and cooperative channels plus vertical marketing systems: how each gets products to buyers and which suits your business.
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Top 12 Strategies & Policies of Pricing in Marketing (Explained)
Skimming, penetration, discounts and allowances, geographic pricing, one-price vs variable pricing and psychological pricing: the main pricing policies.
Channels of Distribution: Meaning, Characteristics, Functions (Explained)
What a distribution channel is, the traits every channel shares, and the jobs intermediaries do to move goods from the maker to the end buyer.
Top 6 Pricing Methods Used in Marketing (Explained)
Cost-plus, marginal cost and break-even pricing, plus pricing above, below or level with the market. How each method works and when to use it.
11 Types of Price Quotation in International Trade (Incoterms 2020)
EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP, FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF: who pays freight and insurance and where risk passes, term by term (Incoterms 2020).
Process of Price Determination with Examples (Step by Step)
Estimate demand, anticipate rivals, gauge market share, check company policy, choose a pricing policy and set the final price. Each step explained.
12 Roles of Price and Non-Price Factors in Marketing
How price shapes buying, and the non-price factors that often matter more: country of origin, brand image, delivery speed, service and more.
Price Discrimination: Meaning, Types, Objectives (Explained)
Charging different prices to different buyers: personal, geographic, class, time-based and other types of price discrimination, and why firms use it.
Top 10 Conditions for Price Discrimination (Explained)
Monopoly power, agreements with rivals, made-to-order sales, buyer ignorance and different demand elasticities: when price discrimination is possible.
14 Factors Affecting Pricing Decisions (Internal and External)
Costs, pricing goals, brand position, product life cycle, demand, competition and more: 14 internal and external factors that decide what you can charge.