Quick answer: Business communication breaks down for personal reasons (poor listening, emotions, fear of conflict, lack of empathy or trust),
Quick answer: Effective communication keeps a business running smoothly. It clarifies goals, speeds up good decisions, supports planning and coordination,
Quick answer: Effective control rests on clear objectives and standards, defined control points and responsibility centres, a reliable checking procedure,
Quick answer: Span of control is the number of subordinates a manager can supervise effectively. It is wider when the
Quick answer: Modern theories of motivation fall into two groups. Content theories explain what motivates people: Maslow’s need hierarchy, Herzberg’s
Quick answer: Douglas McGregor described two views of employees in The Human Side of Enterprise (1960). Theory X assumes people
Quick answer: Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory, based on his 1959 study of engineers and accountants in Pittsburgh, says job satisfaction
Quick answer: Maslow’s theory says people are motivated by five levels of needs in order: physiological (food, shelter, pay), safety
Quick answer: There are three types of managerial control based on timing. Feedforward control prevents problems before work starts, concurrent
Quick answer: The controlling process has six steps: set measurable standards, measure actual performance, compare it with standards, analyse significant