Quick answer: Distribution channels are direct (producer to consumer, such as a company website or own stores), indirect (through wholesalers
Marketing & Sales
Guides on marketing, advertising, sales management, distribution and retail, with Indian examples.
Quick answer: The main pricing strategies and policies are skimming (high launch price), penetration (low launch price), discounts and allowances,
Quick answer: A channel of distribution is the route a product takes from the producer to the final consumer, usually
Quick answer: Pricing methods fall into two groups. Cost-based methods set price from cost: cost-plus (cost plus a markup), marginal
Quick answer: International price quotations follow the ICC’s Incoterms 2020. Seven terms work for any transport mode: EXW, FCA, CPT,
Quick answer: Firms usually set a price in six steps: estimate demand for the product, anticipate how competitors will react,
Quick answer: Price matters, but buyers also decide on non-price factors. Besides the price itself, firms compete on perceived quality
Quick answer: Price discrimination means charging different customers different prices for the same product when the difference is not due
Quick answer: Price discrimination, charging different buyers different prices for the same product, works only under certain conditions: the seller
Quick answer: Internal factors affecting pricing: costs, pricing objectives, positioning and brand, product life cycle stage, marketing mix, differentiation and