Marketing & Sales

Guides on marketing, advertising, sales management, distribution and retail, with Indian examples.

Warehouse, forklift and delivery trucks moving goods to a store on time
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Physical distribution matters because it creates time and place utility, getting products where and when customers want them.

Trucks, trains, ships and planes moving goods to shops, illustrating functions of transportation in marketing
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Transportation in marketing creates place and time utility, widens markets, enables mass production, stabilises prices, supports customer service,

Communications team shielding a brand from a storm of negative posts
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: To control damage to a brand’s image: prepare a crisis communication plan in advance, monitor brand mentions so

PR specialist briefing journalists beside a billboard being installed
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Advertising is paid, controlled communication that aims to persuade people to buy. Public relations is mostly earned communication

Salesperson closing a sale with factories and a growing city behind, illustrating selling in the economy
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Selling drives the whole economy: without sales there is no reason to produce. It turns production into income,

Laptop and phone showing targeted ads with analytics and an ad-blocker shield
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Online advertising lets businesses target precise audiences, track every click, launch and update campaigns quickly and start on

Browser window with banner, video, sponsored and search ads
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: The main types of online advertising are search (PPC) ads, display and banner ads, social media ads, video

Copywriter choosing between story, testimonial and fact copy for an ad layout
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Body copy is the main text of an ad. Common types are emotive, factual hard-sell, factual educational, narrative

Magnetic ad attracting a crowd’s attention, illustrating features of a good advertising appeal
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: A good advertising appeal is built on a creative concept and a clear theme, and is meaningful, believable,

Copywriter drafting an ad layout beside an AIDA funnel, illustrating advertising copy
Marketing & Sales

Quick answer: Advertising copy is the words of an ad, written or spoken. Good copy carries a clear message built